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Um filósofo lendário Lǎo Zǐ (cerca de 580-470 a.C.)

O apelido de Lao Zi era Li e o seu nome próprio era Er. Lao Zi é um título honorífico. É amplamente reconhecido que Lao Zi é um dos filósofos mais venerados da história chinesa. Existem inúmeras lendas sobre o seu nascimento, carreira, ensinamentos e ideias filosóficas.

Segundo uma lenda popular, Lao Zi foi concebido quando a sua mãe viu uma estrela cair-lhe no colo e permaneceu no útero durante 80 anos. Quando nasceu, já era um homem adulto com barba grisalha e lóbulos das orelhas compridos, um símbolo de boa sorte e longevidade.

Chegou a ser responsável pelos arquivos da corte real da Dinastia Zhou (aproximadamente século XI a.C. – 256 a.C.). Mas depois renunciou ao cargo e partiu para o oeste para propagar as suas ideias e filosofia.

Certa vez, enquanto cavalgava um boi, aproximou-se do Passo de Hangu e foi interpelado por Yinxi, um sentinela que guardava o local. Como fiel seguidor da filosofia de Lao Zi, o oficial reconheceu de imediato o grande mestre. Mas, para pedir a Lao Zi que lhe ensinasse algo da sua filosofia, o oficial exigiu que o velho apresentasse uma permissão oficial para sair do país. Lao Zi não possuía qualquer documento, pelo que aceitou escrever um ensaio de 5000 palavras sobre a sua filosofia em troca de passagem para o Ocidente. Este ensaio viria a tornar-se o famoso Daodejing (também conhecido por “Tao Te Ching”), ou o “Livro da Virtude”.

Até hoje, estudiosos de todo o mundo ainda debatem se o livro foi de facto escrito por Lao Zi ou compilado pelos seus alunos e discípulos.

No entanto, todos concordam que o livro reflete o pensamento de Lao Zi. Nele, Lao Zi utiliza o conceito de Dao (Tao) para explicar todas as mudanças no universo. Dao, que também pode ser traduzido por “Caminho” ou “Grande Integridade”, é considerado a fonte misteriosa ou o ideal de toda a existência.

O “Tao Te Ching” de Lao Tzu é um clássico da filosofia chinesa. A melhor forma de compreender profundamente esta obra é vir à China e frequentar um curso de chinês a tempo inteiro. Sendo o melhor país para aprender chinês, a China não só oferece cursos de línguas de alta qualidade, como também lhe permite experimentar em primeira mão atividades culturais tradicionais, como os festivais chineses.

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I’ve been at Keats school and Kunming now for one month doing the one-on-one Chinese lessons with two different teachers. I really enjoy it. Both of my teachers are very friendly and patient. They really helped me to improve my Chinese, both of my reading and speaking. I really enjoy studying Chinese in Kunming as well. This city is really beautiful and the weather is nice, the air is clean. It’s one of the best cities in China to study Chinese.

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