Um filósofo lendário Lǎo Zǐ (cerca de 580-470 a.C.)
O apelido de Lao Zi era Li e o seu nome próprio era Er. Lao Zi é um título honorífico. É amplamente reconhecido que Lao Zi é um dos filósofos mais venerados da história chinesa. Existem inúmeras lendas sobre o seu nascimento, carreira, ensinamentos e ideias filosóficas.
Segundo uma lenda popular, Lao Zi foi concebido quando a sua mãe viu uma estrela cair-lhe no colo e permaneceu no útero durante 80 anos. Quando nasceu, já era um homem adulto com barba grisalha e lóbulos das orelhas compridos, um símbolo de boa sorte e longevidade.
Chegou a ser responsável pelos arquivos da corte real da Dinastia Zhou (aproximadamente século XI a.C. – 256 a.C.). Mas depois renunciou ao cargo e partiu para o oeste para propagar as suas ideias e filosofia.
Certa vez, enquanto cavalgava um boi, aproximou-se do Passo de Hangu e foi interpelado por Yinxi, um sentinela que guardava o local. Como fiel seguidor da filosofia de Lao Zi, o oficial reconheceu de imediato o grande mestre. Mas, para pedir a Lao Zi que lhe ensinasse algo da sua filosofia, o oficial exigiu que o velho apresentasse uma permissão oficial para sair do país. Lao Zi não possuía qualquer documento, pelo que aceitou escrever um ensaio de 5000 palavras sobre a sua filosofia em troca de passagem para o Ocidente. Este ensaio viria a tornar-se o famoso Daodejing (também conhecido por “Tao Te Ching”), ou o “Livro da Virtude”.
Até hoje, estudiosos de todo o mundo ainda debatem se o livro foi de facto escrito por Lao Zi ou compilado pelos seus alunos e discípulos.
No entanto, todos concordam que o livro reflete o pensamento de Lao Zi. Nele, Lao Zi utiliza o conceito de Dao (Tao) para explicar todas as mudanças no universo. Dao, que também pode ser traduzido por “Caminho” ou “Grande Integridade”, é considerado a fonte misteriosa ou o ideal de toda a existência.
O “Tao Te Ching” de Lao Tzu é um clássico da filosofia chinesa. A melhor forma de compreender profundamente esta obra é vir à China e frequentar um curso de chinês a tempo inteiro. Sendo o melhor país para aprender chinês, a China não só oferece cursos de línguas de alta qualidade, como também lhe permite experimentar em primeira mão atividades culturais tradicionais, como os festivais chineses.
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