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Un filosofo leggendario Lăo Ză (circa 580-470 a.C.)

Il cognome di Lao Zi era Li e il suo nome di battesimo era Er. Lao Zi è un titolo onorifico. È ampiamente riconosciuto che Lao Zi sia uno dei filosofi più venerati della storia cinese. Esistono numerose leggende sulla sua nascita, la sua carriera, il suo insegnamento e le sue idee filosofiche.

Secondo una leggenda popolare, Lao Zi fu concepito quando sua madre vide una stella cadere in grembo e rimase nel grembo materno per 80 anni. Alla nascita, era già un uomo adulto con la barba grigia e lunghi lobi delle orecchie, simbolo di buona fortuna e longevità.

Un tempo custodiva gli archivi della corte reale della dinastia Zhou (circa XI secolo – 256 a.C.). In seguito, però, si dimise e si diresse verso ovest per diffondere le sue idee e la sua filosofia.

Un giorno, mentre cavalcava un bue, si avvicinò al Passo Hangu e fu fermato da Yinxi, una sentinella che presidiava il passo. Essendo un fedele seguace della filosofia di Lao Zi, l’ufficiale riconobbe immediatamente il grande maestro. Tuttavia, per chiedere a Lao Zi di insegnargli qualcosa della sua filosofia, l’ufficiale chiese al vecchio di esibire un permesso ufficiale per lasciare il paese. Lao Zi non aveva documenti, quindi accettò di scrivere un saggio di 5.000 parole sulla sua filosofia in cambio del passaggio in Occidente. Quel saggio si rivelò essere il famoso Daodejing (anche “Tao Te Ching”), o “Libro della Virtù”.

Ancora oggi gli studiosi di tutto il mondo discutono se il libro sia stato effettivamente scritto da Lao Zi o compilato dai suoi studenti e discepoli.

Tuttavia, tutti concordano sul fatto che il libro rifletta il pensiero di Lao Zi. Nel libro, Lao Zi utilizzò il concetto di Dao (Tao) per spiegare tutti i cambiamenti nell’universo. Il Dao, che è stato anche tradotto come “Via” o “Grande Integrità”, è considerato la misteriosa fonte o ideale di tutte le esistenze.

Il “Tao Te Ching” di Lao Tzu è un classico della filosofia cinese. Il modo migliore per comprendere a fondo quest’opera è venire in Cina e frequentare un corso di cinese a tempo pieno. Essendo il miglior paese per imparare il cinese, la Cina non solo offre corsi di lingua di alta qualità, ma permette anche di vivere in prima persona attività culturali tradizionali come le feste cinesi.

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