Seorang Filsuf Legendaris Lǎo Zǐ (sekitar 580-470 SM)
Nama keluarga Lao Zi adalah Li dan nama pemberiannya adalah Er. Lao Zi adalah gelar kehormatan. Secara luas diakui bahwa Lao Zi adalah salah satu filsuf yang paling dihormati dalam sejarah Tiongkok. Ada banyak legenda tentang kelahirannya, kariernya, ajarannya, dan gagasan filosofisnya.
Menurut salah satu legenda populer, Lao Zi dikandung ketika ibunya melihat bintang jatuh ke pangkuannya dan ia tetap berada di dalam rahim selama 80 tahun. Ketika ia lahir, ia sudah dewasa dengan janggut abu-abu dan cuping telinga panjang, simbol keberuntungan dan umur panjang.
Ia pernah menyimpan arsip istana kerajaan untuk Dinasti Zhou (sekitar abad ke-11-256 SM). Tetapi kemudian ia mengundurkan diri dan pergi ke barat untuk menyebarkan ide dan filosofinya.
Suatu hari, saat menunggangi lembu, ia mendekati Gerbang Hangu dan dihentikan oleh Yinxi, seorang penjaga yang bertugas di gerbang tersebut. Sebagai pengikut setia filsafat Lao Zi, perwira itu segera mengenali sang guru besar. Namun, untuk meminta Lao Zi mengajarkan sebagian filsafatnya, perwira itu menuntut agar lelaki tua itu menunjukkan izin resmi untuk meninggalkan negara tersebut. Lao Zi tidak memiliki dokumen, jadi dia setuju untuk menulis esai sepanjang 5.000 kata tentang filsafatnya sebagai imbalan untuk perjalanan ke Barat. Esai itu ternyata adalah Daodejing (juga disebut “Tao Te Ching”), atau “Kitab Kebajikan” yang terkenal.
Saat ini, para cendekiawan di seluruh dunia masih memperdebatkan apakah buku tersebut benar-benar ditulis oleh Lao Zi atau disusun oleh murid-muridnya.
Namun, mereka semua sepakat bahwa buku tersebut mencerminkan pemikiran Lao Zi. Dalam buku tersebut, Lao Zi menggunakan konsep Dao (Tao) untuk menjelaskan semua perubahan di alam semesta. Dao, yang juga diterjemahkan sebagai “Jalan” atau “Integritas Agung,” dianggap sebagai sumber misterius atau cita-cita dari semua keberadaan.
“Tao Te Ching” karya Lao Tzu adalah karya klasik filsafat Tiongkok. Cara terbaik untuk memahami karya ini secara mendalam adalah dengan datang ke Tiongkok dan mengikuti kursus bahasa Mandarin penuh waktu. Sebagai negara terbaik untuk belajar bahasa Mandarin, Tiongkok tidak hanya menawarkan kursus bahasa berkualitas tinggi, tetapi juga memungkinkan Anda untuk mengalami langsung kegiatan budaya tradisional seperti Festival Tiongkok.
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