Un filósofo legendario Lǎo Zǐ (alrededor de 580-470 a. C.)
El apellido de Lao Zi era Li y su nombre de pila, Er. Lao Zi es un título honorífico. Es ampliamente reconocido que Lao Zi es uno de los filósofos más venerados de la historia china. Existen numerosas leyendas sobre su nacimiento, carrera, enseñanza e ideas filosóficas.
Según una leyenda popular, Lao Zi fue concebido cuando su madre vio caer una estrella en su regazo y permaneció en el vientre materno durante 80 años. Al nacer, ya era un hombre adulto con barba canosa y largos lóbulos en las orejas, símbolo de buena fortuna y longevidad.
En su día, conservó los archivos de la corte real de la dinastía Zhou (aprox. siglo XI-256 a. C.). Sin embargo, posteriormente dimitió y se dirigió al oeste para difundir sus ideas y filosofía.
Un día, mientras montaba un buey, se acercó al Paso Hangu y fue detenido por Yinxi, un centinela que custodiaba el paso. Como fiel seguidor de la filosofía de Lao Zi, el oficial reconoció de inmediato al gran maestro. Pero, para pedirle a Lao Zi que le enseñara algo de su filosofía, le exigió al anciano un permiso oficial para salir del país. Lao Zi no tenía documentos, así que aceptó escribir un ensayo de 5000 palabras sobre su filosofía a cambio de un pasaje a Occidente. Ese ensayo resultó ser el famoso Daodejing (también conocido como «Tao Te Ching»), o el «Libro de la Virtud».
Hoy en día, académicos de todo el mundo siguen debatiendo si el libro fue escrito por Lao Zi o compilado por sus estudiantes y discípulos.
Sin embargo, todos coinciden en que refleja el pensamiento de Lao Zi. En él, Lao Zi utilizó el concepto de Dao (Tao) para explicar todos los cambios del universo. El Dao, que también se ha traducido como «Camino» o «Gran Integridad», se considera la fuente misteriosa o el ideal de toda la existencia.
El Tao Te Ching de Lao Tzu es un clásico de la filosofía china. La mejor manera de comprender a fondo esta obra es venir a China y asistir a un curso de chino a tiempo completo. Como el mejor país para aprender chino, China no solo ofrece cursos de idiomas de alta calidad, sino que también permite experimentar de primera mano actividades culturales tradicionales como los festivales chinos.
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