{"id":11119,"date":"2024-03-15T05:36:43","date_gmt":"2024-03-15T05:36:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.keatschinese.com\/?p=11119"},"modified":"2024-03-15T05:36:43","modified_gmt":"2024-03-15T05:36:43","slug":"rodina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.keatschinese.com\/cs\/rodina\/","title":{"rendered":"Rodina"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rodina<\/h3>\n

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\u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9 kladou velk\u00fd d\u016fraz na rodinu a pokrevn\u00ed vztahy. Jedno star\u00e9 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: „Dokud jsou rodi\u010de na\u017eivu, nem\u011bl by se syn vzdalovat, a pokud ano, m\u011bl by jim d\u00e1t v\u011bd\u011bt, kam jde.“ V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b se v\u0161ak st\u00e1le v\u00edce \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u016f rozhoduje opustit rodn\u00e1 m\u011bsta a rodi\u010de a st\u011bhuj\u00ed se do jin\u00fdch m\u00edst za lep\u0161\u00edmi pracovn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostmi. P\u0159esto se v\u017edy budou sna\u017eit cestovat zp\u011bt do rodn\u00fdch m\u011bst a nav\u0161t\u011bvovat sv\u00e9 rodi\u010de kv\u016fli tradici spole\u010dn\u011b str\u00e1ven\u00e9ho rodinn\u00e9ho \u010dasu b\u011bhem v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch sv\u00e1tk\u016f. V d\u016fsledku toho se doprava v \u010c\u00edn\u011b s\u00edt\u011b v\u017edy nejru\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v obdob\u00ed sv\u00e1tk\u016f v dob\u011b Sv\u00e1tku jara a N\u00e1rodn\u00edho dne (1. \u0159\u00edjna).<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 jm\u00e9na<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Nejd\u0159\u00edve jsou uvedena \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00ed a pot\u00e9 k\u0159estn\u00ed jm\u00e9na. Existuj\u00ed dva typy \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00ed: jednoznakov\u00e1 (jednoslabi\u010dn\u00e1) p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00ed a dvouznakov\u00e1 (dvouslabi\u010dn\u00e1) p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00ed. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b existuj\u00ed stovky b\u011b\u017en\u011b u\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch jednoznakov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00ed, z nich\u017e nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou Li, Wang, Zhang, Liu a Chen; b\u011b\u017en\u011b u\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch dvouznakov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00ed jsou des\u00edtky, z nich\u017e nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou Zhuge, Ouyang, Sima, Duanmu a Gongsun. Keats pro v\u00e1s nab\u00edz\u00ed blog o nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch znac\u00edch.<\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u016f d\u011bd\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00ed po otci a jen n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed po matce. P\u0159\u00edjmen\u00ed jsou symbolem pokrevn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edbuzenstv\u00ed. K\u0159estn\u00ed jm\u00e9na jsou \u010dasto d\u00e1v\u00e1na tak, aby nazna\u010dovala ur\u010dit\u00fd v\u00fdznam, obvykle vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed dobr\u00e1 p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed rodi\u010d\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad „\u5bcc“ (f\u00f9) a „\u8d22“ (c\u00e1i) se d\u00e1vaj\u00ed jako dosa\u017een\u00ed bohatstv\u00ed; „\u8d35“ (gu\u00ec) a „\u7984“ (l\u00f9) jako b\u00fdt \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd; „\u798f“(f\u00fa) jako radost a \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed; „\u5eb7“ (k\u0101ng), „\u5065“ (ji\u00e0n) a „\u5f3a“ (qi\u00e1ng) jako zdrav\u00ed a s\u00edla; „\u5fb3“(d\u00e9), „\u8d24“ (xi\u00e1n) a „\u6dd1“ (sh\u016b) jako ctnostn\u00e9 a \u010destn\u00e9 osoby; a „\u680b“ (d\u00f2ng), „\u6770“ (ji\u00e9) a „\u8d22“ (c\u00e1i) jako kompetentn\u00ed osoby. P\u0159esn\u00fd v\u00fdznam jmen se tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee li\u0161it z generace na generaci. Pokud chcete m\u00edt \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 jm\u00e9no, je nezbytn\u00e9 nau\u010dit se z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 znaky.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Struktura a velikost rodiny<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna m\u00e1 tis\u00edciletou historii zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. B\u011bhem dlouh\u00e9ho historick\u00e9ho procesu se struktura a velikost \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 rodiny p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nezm\u011bnily. Ve starov\u011bk\u00e9 \u010c\u00edn\u011b byly „\u010dty\u0159i (nebo p\u011bt) generac\u00ed pod jednou st\u0159echou“ pro \u010c\u00ed\u0148any v\u017edy ide\u00e1ln\u00edm pojet\u00edm rodinn\u00e9ho \u017eivota, proto\u017ee symbolizovaly ide\u00e1l velk\u00e9 prosperuj\u00edc\u00ed rodiny. Od zalo\u017een\u00ed \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 republiky v roce 1949, zejm\u00e9na od zaveden\u00ed politiky pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed rodiny na konci 70. let 20. stolet\u00ed, se velikost \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch rodin obecn\u011b sni\u017euje. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b tvo\u0159\u00ed dvou\u010dlenn\u00e9 a t\u0159\u00ed\u010dlenn\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 60 % celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu rodin, z nich\u017e po\u010det t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 jsou tvo\u0159eny pouze p\u00e1ry, st\u00e1le roste. Za pov\u0161imnut\u00ed stoj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na to, \u017ee pod\u00edl jedno\u010dlenn\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed v posledn\u00edm desetilet\u00ed prudce vzrostl. Podle statistik tvo\u0159\u00ed jedno\u010dlenn\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti v roce 2018 16,69 % populace, zat\u00edmco v roce 1990 to bylo pouze 6,34 %. P\u0159ed rokem 1949 se pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd po\u010det rodinn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f na jednu dom\u00e1cnost dlouhodob\u011b pohyboval kolem 5,3 osoby. V roce 1990 klesl na 3,26, v roce 2000 na 3,44 a v roce 2010 na 3,10. A\u0165 u\u017e na venkov\u011b nebo ve m\u011bstech, dosp\u011bl\u00e9 d\u011bti se po svatb\u011b rozhodnou odst\u011bhovat a \u017e\u00edt samy. Dokonce i ti, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou svobodn\u00ed, tr\u00e1v\u00ed st\u00e1le m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasu bydlen\u00edm s rodi\u010di z d\u016fvod\u016f, jako je \u0161koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zka nebo pr\u00e1ce. Pokud se chcete sp\u0159\u00e1telit s \u010c\u00ed\u0148any, \u00a0m\u016f\u017eete se sezn\u00e1mit s jejich rodinn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky.<\/p>\n

\u017deny a rodiny<\/h3>\n

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\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 \u017eeny za\u010daly hledat zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed mimo domov a\u017e po vzniku \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 republiky a nyn\u00ed se pro n\u011b stalo normou chodit do pr\u00e1ce. V d\u016fsledku toho se socioekonomick\u00e9 postaven\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch \u017een v\u00fdrazn\u011b zlep\u0161ilo. Podle \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f maj\u00ed mu\u017e a \u017eena v rodin\u011b stejn\u00e1 pr\u00e1va a povinnosti a o dom\u00e1c\u00ed pr\u00e1ce se man\u017eel\u00e9 zpravidla d\u011bl\u00ed. Pod vlivem historicky dominantn\u011b mu\u017esk\u00e9 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, zejm\u00e9na v d\u016fsledku p\u0159edstavy „mu\u017e \u017eivitel rodiny a \u017eena v dom\u00e1cnosti“, v\u0161ak \u017eeny st\u00e1le p\u0159eb\u00edraj\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u00edce povinnost\u00ed v oblasti dom\u00e1c\u00edch prac\u00ed a p\u00e9\u010de o mal\u00e9 d\u011bti. Pokud jde o rozd\u011blen\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00edch prac\u00ed, je b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee \u017eeny jsou v\u00edce zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za va\u0159en\u00ed, pran\u00ed pr\u00e1dla, p\u00e9\u010di o d\u011bti, \u00faklid dom\u00e1cnosti atd. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 \u017eeny dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed pro sv\u00e9 rodiny p\u0159ipravit chutn\u00e9 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 pokrmy.<\/p>\n

Mu\u017ei \u010dast\u011bji vykon\u00e1vaj\u00ed pr\u00e1ce vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed fyzickou s\u00edlu. Pokud jde o rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch rodinn\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitostech, rozhoduj\u00ed \u010dast\u011bji mu\u017ei ne\u017e \u017eeny. pokud se u\u010d\u00edte \u010d\u00ednsky v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, m\u016f\u017eete se dozv\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edce o n\u011bkter\u00e9 sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed diskriminaci v \u010c\u00edn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed rodiny a univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed politika dvou d\u011bt\u00ed<\/h3>\n

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Pokud jde o kvalitu p\u00e9\u010de o d\u011bti, jedin\u00e1\u010dci se obecn\u011b t\u011b\u0161ili v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pozornosti a p\u00e9\u010di rodiny, m\u011bli lep\u0161\u00ed materi\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 a p\u0159\u00edstup k v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm mo\u017enostem vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Chyb\u011bla jim v\u0161ak spole\u010dnost ostatn\u00edch d\u011bt\u00ed a tak\u00e9 rodinn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by podporovalo ducha spolupr\u00e1ce. Krom\u011b toho to zp\u016fsobovalo i n\u011bkter\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my, nap\u0159\u00edklad zrychlen\u00ed trendu st\u00e1rnut\u00ed spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

Dne 28. prosince 2013 vl\u00e1da zah\u00e1jila politiku, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u00e1r\u016fm, kde je man\u017eel nebo man\u017eelka jedin\u00e1\u010dek, m\u00edt dv\u011b d\u011bti. Ve snaze d\u00e1le zlep\u0161it svou popula\u010dn\u00ed strategii \u010c\u00edna 1. ledna 2016 zah\u00e1jila „univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed politiku dvou d\u011bt\u00ed“, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u0161em p\u00e1r\u016fm m\u00edt dv\u011b d\u011bti, \u010d\u00edm\u017e ofici\u00e1ln\u011b ukon\u010dila politiku pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed rodiny, kter\u00e1 byla prov\u00e1d\u011bna v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 let.<\/p>\n

Man\u017eelstv\u00ed Rozvod a sou\u017eit\u00ed<\/h3>\n

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V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je v \u010c\u00edn\u011b z\u00e1konem stanoven\u00fd v\u011bk pro uzav\u0159en\u00ed man\u017eelstv\u00ed 22 let pro mu\u017ee a 20 let pro \u017eeny. Ve skute\u010dnosti v\u0161ak v\u011bt\u0161ina \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u016f, zejm\u00e9na obyvatel m\u011bst, uzav\u00edr\u00e1 man\u017eelstv\u00ed ve st\u00e1le vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm v\u011bku. Pr\u016fzkum v deseti velk\u00fdch \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch m\u011bstech uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd v\u011bk \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u016f p\u0159i uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed man\u017eelstv\u00ed byl v roce 2015 26 let.<\/p>\n

M\u00edra rozvodovosti v \u010c\u00edn\u011b b\u00fdvala d\u0159\u00edve velmi n\u00edzk\u00e1, ale v posledn\u00edch dvaceti a\u017e t\u0159iceti letech se to rychle zm\u011bnilo, zejm\u00e9na v n\u011bkter\u00fdch velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech. Podle statistik se v roce 2016 v Pekingu rozvedlo 105 800 p\u00e1r\u016f a v \u0160anghaji to bylo ve stejn\u00e9m roce 82 600 p\u00e1r\u016f.<\/p>\n

Postupn\u011b tak\u00e9 p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 kohabitac\u00ed a p\u0159edman\u017eelsk\u00e9ho sexu. Pr\u016fzkum sexu\u00e1ln\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed student\u016f a absolvent\u016f Pekingsk\u00e9 norm\u00e1ln\u00ed univerzity proveden\u00fd v roce 2018 uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee 81,04 % dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch zvolilo p\u0159i odpov\u011bdi na ot\u00e1zku „Souhlas\u00edte se sexu\u00e1ln\u00edm chov\u00e1n\u00edm b\u011bhem studia?“ odpov\u011b\u010f „souhlas\u00edm“. A tento \u00fadaj ze stejn\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu v letech 2016 a 2017 \u010dinil 74,31 %, resp. 79,00 %, co\u017e ukazuje na rok od roku rostouc\u00ed trend. P\u0159i odpov\u011bdi na ot\u00e1zku „M\u011bl\/a jsi u\u017e n\u011bkdy p\u0159edt\u00edm sex?“. „Ano“ zvolilo 46,84 % respondent\u016f. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 dnes zast\u00e1vaj\u00ed otev\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed postoj k p\u0159edman\u017eelsk\u00e9mu sexu.<\/p>\n

S\u0148atkov\u00fd syst\u00e9m ve starov\u011bk\u00e9 \u010c\u00edn\u011b<\/h3>\n

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Ve starov\u011bk\u00e9 \u010c\u00edn\u011b nemusel p\u00e1r registrovat sv\u016fj s\u0148atek u st\u00e1tn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f. Svolen\u00ed rodi\u010d\u016f a tradi\u010dn\u00ed svatebn\u00ed ob\u0159ad se t\u0159emi poklonami (poklona nebes\u016fm a zemi, rodi\u010d\u016fm a sob\u011b navz\u00e1jem) z nich ud\u011blaly man\u017eele.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rodina \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9 kladou velk\u00fd d\u016fraz na rodinu a pokrevn\u00ed vztahy. Jedno star\u00e9 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: „Dokud jsou rodi\u010de na\u017eivu, nem\u011bl by se syn vzdalovat, a pokud ano, m\u011bl by jim d\u00e1t v\u011bd\u011bt, kam jde.“ V..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10949,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2326],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11119","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-cs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRodina | Keats School Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9 kladou velk\u00fd d\u016fraz na rodinu a pokrevn\u00ed vztahy. 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